		     
                    





                         ᮢ ࠡ
                        㣮 ࠢ
              ⥬ "⢥ 㯫"



                                 믮 ⥫ 24 . 㯯
				 2 ""  筮 ⤥
                                 .- . 㡥祭 ..


				 ਭ ९⥫ 䥤
				 㣮 ࠢ  ਬ
                                 ⥭ 樨 쭨 ..





			  1997

.
                                - 2 -


                   

     1. 
     2.   .   -

     3.   . , -
, .
     4. 

                            

     ஡ ⢥  㯫   ⢥ 㣮-
 ࠢ 㦥  ६ 뫨   ७  -
⮢.   ᫥ 20-25   ஡ 砫 ࠧ-
뢠  㣮-ࠢ .
     ⨥ ⢥ 㯫 ࠧࠡ뢠 ⥮ਥ
㣮 ࠢ    ⠫  ⭮  㣮 ⥫
  ਭ⨥   1996 .  饥  㣮-
 ⥫⢮    .16,17,18  ॣ㫨 ⢥-
 㯫 ( ᠬ ନ "⢥"  
  ।⢥  ᯮ).
     襭 殬 ᪮쪨 㯫  筮    
让 樠쭮 饭  , । ⮩-
 ᫮   ⨮⢥  冷    ਢ祪.
 ⮬ ,  ࠢ, 稭 訩 ࠫ, 䨧᪨
 ਠ ।   筮, ஬ ⮣ -
 㯭  ⥫쭮     ⮣   ⥫쭮

                                - 3 -

  ⮩稢 ࠦ,  ஦   㡥 
 ᮢ 㯫 .   ⠢-
 ⥫ ᮡ ࠧ ॠ஢    ⥫-
⢮, ꥤ    ᮮ⢥騥 㣮-ࠢ-
 .
     ⢥ 㯫 ஦ 楫  ᯥ-
 ࠢ ᮢ,   室 ࠧ   ਮ
஢ ᫥,  ⠪   ६ ᬮ७   -
.  ।  ࢮ⥯ 祭   ,  易
㣮-ࠢ   䨪樥  ⢥  㯫.
஡ 䨪樨  ⢥ 㯫 ᫮-
 ⥬,   㪠 ࠢ  墠뢠 쬠 ࠧ-
த 樨.  த 権,  墠뢠  ⨥
⢥ 㯫, 室 ᢮ ࠦ  -
樨,  祭 ,  ந⢥ ᫥ 
ᬮ७   㤥,  ࠢ ᫥⢨ 㦤  -
 ,   ᭥ 稭  ᫮ ᮢ襭 -
㯫,  襭 楫 鸞 㣨 ࠢ ᮢ.

       

     ⠭ ⮣ 䠪,    ᮢ訫   
  㯭 ﭨ,  ஦ । 㤥-᫥⢥묨
࣠ ᮮ⢥騥 ࠢ , 易  ࠭-
 ⤥쭮 (筮) 㯫  ᪮쪨,  -
䨪樥 ᮤﭭ   祭   ,   浪
ந⢠   ᪮쪨 㯭  ﭨ,    ࠢ묨
᫥⢨ﬨ 㦤  ⢮ 㯫  ..

                                - 4 -

      ⢥ 㣮-ࠢ   뫮  -
ࠧ  ⢥ 㯫,   -
⠥    ᨮ.
     ⢥ 㯫 ⨥ 樠쭮-ࠢ. 
祭 ⮨  ⮬,  ⮡  ࠧ  ⢮  ᮡ
 㯭, 饩  ᮢ襭   ⥬  -
殬  ,   ࢮ 㯫.
      㪠     ਧ  ࠪ⨪ -
 ⢥ 㯫 筮.    ⮬, 
   砩  ᮢ襭  殬 ᪮쪨 㯭 ﭨ
墠뢠 ⨥ ⢥ 㯫.   ⭮,
 墠뢠 ⨬ ⨥ 砨 ᮢ襭  㯫-
 ᫥ 襭   㤨  ।騥 -
㯫, ᫥ 祭 ப  ਢ祭  㣮
⢥⢥  ࠭ ᮢ襭 㯫,   ⠪  -
砨,     㠫  ९⢨   㦤
㣮  (⢨  ௥襣  , -
     ௥襣).  ࠧ,  ⢥
㯫  ࠧ뢠 ਤ᪨ 稬 㯫,
.. ,  ࠭  ᮡ 㣮-ࠢ ᫥⢨.
     ᭮ 饬 祭  㯫,  ⠥ ᮢ-
訢訬 㯫 ᨬ  ⮣,  ᮢ訫   祭-
 㯫,  襭  㯫  ਣ⮢  
㯫, 뫮   ⮬ ᯮ⥫ 㯫  -
 ࣠஬, ४⥫ , ᮡ 㯫.
        ਧ  ⢥  㯫,  ᫨  
।饥 㯫    뫮  ᢮  㣮
⢥⢥  ᭮,  ।ᬮ७  .  75, 76, 77

                                - 5 -

  ?  C  ஭,  ,  ᫨  㯫-
 ਧ ᮢ襭 ⭮,    ࢮ  -
㯫   뫮  ॠ樨  ஭ 㤠⢠,   ⥬
   ⠭  ⭮    ᢮
   㣮  ⢥⢥  ࢮ 㯫,  -
 ⠪ ᢮ ਬ ⮫쪮   ⠭  
⢨  ਧ ⠢ 㯫.
     ,   ,   ।⥫ 뫮   -
    ⠪    ⢨ ⢥ 㯫,
᪮ ᢮  㣮 ⢥⢥  ᭮
. 75-77    ᫮ ࠪ ,  - ࠢ
᫥⢨  ᢮        ।ᬠਢ.
஬ ⮣,   饬 㣮  祭 ப -
 ਢ祭  㣮 ⢥⢥ ᬠਢ 
    ᢮  㣮 ⢥⢥ (.  78
)  ⮬,   ᨫ ⢠ ࠢ ॣ樨,  
᢮   㣮 ⢥⢥ ਬ⥫쭮  -
 ⢥ 㯫   ⠪  祭.
      뭥 饬 ⥫⢥,   .2 .16, ⠪ -
 ⥯ ९.
      ⢥ 㯫 ᫥ ⭥ 砨, 
    ᪮쪨 ᫥⥫쭮  ᮢ襭묨
ﭨﬨ 믮 ᪮쪮 ⠢ 㯫.  ।-
 ⨥ ⢥ 㯫 ..楢.   -
⠥,  ⢥ 㯫 ࠪਧ  ⥬,  
 ᮢ襭    墠뢠    ମ ᮡ ,
।ᬠਢ饩 筮 㯫 "(.  6,10).  㪠-
 ਧ ⭮    ⢥ , 墠-

                                - 6 -

 ⨥ ᮢ㯭 㯫, ஬ ⮣  筮
㯫  ।ᬠਢ  ଠ,  砥 -
७樨  饩  ᯥ樠쭮 .   㣨 砥  -
 㯫   ࠪ७    騬 ᯥ-
᪨ ਧ ⢥ 㯫  ⮬   -
 室     ।  ⮣  .(      
..楢   ⮣ ࠢ   ⪠   ᢮  ᫮  
᫥饩 ࠡ,  饭 ᠬ 䨪樨 㯫-
.)
     ᪮ ⠢  ⢥ 㯭 ﭨ
  㯫,  ⮫  ᭥  
筮 㯫    ⠭,  ᮢ襭   
⭮ 砥  㯫       -
.  ਭ樯  㯫 ᫥  -
, ᮤঠ饥 ਧ  ⠢ 㯫,    -
⭮, ⥫    ࠧ  ⠢:   
⢨  ⢨;  ⢨   ᫥⢨;  ⠪
⢥ ᭮  ﭨ,  ஥  ᫠  楫 ⥬
⢨  㯪 (ਬ,  ⨥ 饭묨  -
⥫쭮).     ⢥ 筮 㯫 㣮
 ਧ ⠪ ᮢ㯭 ⢨,     -
, ᮢ襭  ⤥쭮, ᮤন ਧ 㣮 -
 㯫. ஬ ⮣, ⢥ ᭮ ﭨ ਧ-
   㯫    ᫨   ᮤন ᪮쪮
 ਧ,  ।ᬮ७ ࠧ묨 ﬨ 
 ⮩  㣮-ࠢ .
     묨 ⥫⢠  ᫠ ᫮  -
। 筮  㯫   ࠭祭  -

                                - 7 -

 㯭 ﭨ.   㯭 ﭨ  ᢮
ꥪ⨢ ਧ  (ࠪ  ⢨  ᫥⢨) 뢠
ᠬ묨 ࠧࠧ묨.      ᢮ 譥 ଥ 
  뢠 ᮬ  ।  ⢠ (筮).
襥 譥 室⢮  ⢥ 㯫 
᫮  㯫. .. ⭮  ᫮ -
 㯫 ⠢ 㯫; 㯫,  ᭮-
     ୠ⨢ ⢨;  㯫  
⢨ﬨ ;  騥 㯫;  த  㯫;
㯫, ᫠騥   ⢨.
     _⠢ 㯫..  ⠢묨    㯫,
᫠騥     㯭 ﭨ,    -
, ⮥    ⤥쭮,  ।⠢  ᮡ ᠬ⥫쭮
㯫.  । ..  ᫥  ࠧ  
 ⠪ 㯫: 1) ⠢ 㯫  ᭮ -
     ࠧ ⢨ (⥭   -
쭠 ᮢ㯭); 2) ⠢ 㯫,  ᭮ 
  ⢨,  訥    㯭 ᫥-
⢨ (⥭  쭠 ᮢ㯭).  ⠢ -
㯫,  ᭮   ᪮쪮  ࠧ  ⢨,
⭮, ਬ, ࠧ,  ஬ 㯭 楫 -
 㦨 ⢮ ⨣ ⥬ ⥫⢠  筮
,ᮥ  ᨫ, ᭮    ஢ ௥-
襣,  ஧ ਬ ⠪ ᨫ.  ⠢ -
,  ᭮    ⢨, 襥 ᪮쪮
᫥⢨,  ⭥,  ਬ, 諥 寧 ⥫᭮
०, 襥 ᬥ ௥襣.
     ꥤ ࠧ  ࠪ 㯫     ⠢

                                - 8 -

⥫ ந   ,    ॠ쭮 ⢨-
⥫쭮  㯫  ࠧ  ࠧ뢭  易  楯
㯭 , ࠪਧ饣 ⥫쭮 襩 -
⢥ ᭮,    ⤥쭮 㯫 -
饥  ⠢.
      _㯫    ⢨ﬨ..  㯫    
⢨ﬨ ⭮  ⠪   㯫,  ꥪ⨢
஭  ᫠   ࠧ ⢨,  ꥤ-
   㯭  楫.   ⠪  ᢮ ६ ⭮ᨫ
ᯥ.   ᮢ㯭 㯪   ९த  ⮢஢  
楫  ⠢  㯫.   ⠬ 㯪
 ९த   । ࠧ   ६,  
  蠥 ⢠ 㯭 ﭨ.
     _㯫  ୠ⨢묨 ⢨ﬨ..  䨪 
㯫 ⮨  ⮬,   ᮢ襭   㪠 
ᯮ樨 㣮-ࠢ  ⢨   
 ਧ  㯫  ᮢ襭.      ६  
稭  㯫, ᫨  ᮢ蠥  ᫥
 ᯮ樨 㣮-ࠢ  ﭨ.
     _騥 㯫..   ⠭  㬠  客
㤠   14  1963 .  " ᫮ ਬ  
⨨  騬  த 㯫" 饥  -
㯫 ।  ⢨  ⢨, ᮯ殮 
᫥騬 ⥫ 믮 易⥩,  
   ஧ 㣮 ᫥.  饥
㯫 ᨬ   த⥫쭮  ᬠਢ
 筮 㯫.
     _த 㯫..  ⮬  筨 ᮤন -

                                - 9 -

।  த 㯫: 㯫, ᪫-
뢠騥  鸞 ⮦⢥ 㯭 ﭨ,  ࠢ
 饩  楫  ⠢  ᢮ ᮢ㯭  -
. ⫨⥫쭮 ᮡ த  㯫 -
 ,   ᮢ  뢭 ,  塞묨 
६ ⢨ﬨ.   ꥪ⨢ ஭  ﭨﬨ 
᭠ ,   ࠢ   
     ꥪ,   ਤ᪮ ⮦⢥ ᯮᮡ  -
襭,   ⠪    ⢥ 㯨 ᫥⢨.  ⮬
 ᪠,   த 㯫 ᫠  ᠬ-
⥫ 㯭 ﭨ,    ᥡ ਧ 
 ⮣  ⠢  ࠧ    㯫  ᫥-
⢨ ⢠ 筮 १.
     _ 㯫ﬨ, ᫠騬   ﭨ. -
 ⠪  ⢥  ﭨ,   ਧ -
㯫ﬨ ⮫쪮 ⮣ ,    筮 ﭨ   -
࣠ ࠬ  ⨢  ᪠.  뭥 饬
㣮 ⥫⢥ ⠪ ⠢ 㯫 .

                 

      砫 60-  ࠭ 뫠 窠 ७, -
 ..,   ,  ଠ ⢥-
 㯫    ୮ 㯫,  ᮢ-
  樤.    ⨬  , 饭 -
䨪樨 㯫,   ..楢    ଠ  ⢥
㯫 ⭮ᨫ ᮢ㯭 (   ॠ),  -
⭮, ୮  樤.  ..஢, ..஫,

                                - 10 -

..䨬 뤥﫨    ⢥: ୮ 
ᮢ㯭 㯫.   ⠪  뢮 襫  ..
ਭ.    襣   㦨  -
䨪 ।  ..,   ⠥,   -
⢥ 㯫   ᢮ ⭮  
  ᭮ ଠ: ୮  쭮 ᮢ㯭. -
 ࠭  ⢥ 뤥﫨  ᨬ  ਤ-
᪮   (    ᨬ    䨪樨 ᮤﭭ,
諮 㤨,  襭   㤨    ..)  ,  
.. ।   ᭮ 樠 ਩, -
 ન  ࠪ    ꥪ    ᮢ襭
㯫 (   ७ ﭨ)... ᨪ -
砫,  "७樠   ⢥    樠쭮
 㦨  ᮡ     쭥-
襥 ᭮  ਬ, ⠪   뢠  뤥
 ⢥    ᨬ    ⢠  ᮢ襭
㯫,   ꥪ,   ⥯ ⮩稢 
⨮⢥ ਥ樨   ..     ᢮ । 㤥
।। 䨫᪨ ய,  ࠢ  -
ᯨ⠭ 㦤    ᮢ襭  ⢥ 㯫-
"(7,7).
      ࠧ, ᭮  뤥  ⢥
   ⢥  ﭨ,  ࠪ-
ਧ   ﭨ  ࠧத묨  ᪮쪨  -
⢨ﬨ, ᫠騬 稥  㯫 (쭠
ᮢ㯭 㯫),   ⭮ 㯭  -
,      ஢  ᮤন ਧ -
⥫쭮 ⠢ 㯫 (୮).  -

                                - 11 -

 뤥    ⢥ ( த ):
쭠 ᮢ㯭  ୮.   ᮢ㯭
        .2 .17 ᮤন 㪠,   
"୮"  㪠   饩 ,    -
騩 ਧ  ᮡ .   ୮  ஢-
 ⨥  쭮 ᮢ㯭, ᫥  ᮢ-
襭 㯫      - 㣨 ਧ (⮦-
⢥  த 㯫,  㤨) .   ࠭
⢮襬 ⥫  ⥮ਨ ୮  
ப  㧪 ᫥.   ୮  ப ᫥ (饩
୮)  ᮢ襭   㯫 - 
 .1 .39   -,   㧪 ᫥ (ᯥ樠쭮 -
)  - 砨 ᮢ襭   ⮦⢥  -
த 㯫 - 騩  ਧ,  ।ᬮ७
ﬨ ᮡ   .
     ,      ⨥ "୮" ᪫祭 :  
 饥 ⥫⢮ (."" .1 .63 ),    -
饥 ⥫⢮.  ,  㬠,   砥,  
⨥ ᫥ ⬥   ⥮ਨ 㣮 ࠢ. ୮
( ப ᫥)  ᢮ । ࠦ    ⭮,
 ॠ쭮 ᮢ㯭,  樤.    ࠧ -
⢥ 㯫   饬 㣮 -
⥫, ஥  ⪠    ࠧ  祭
୮ ᮢ襭 㯫,  ⠢  饩   -
⢥  ਧ ⠢ 㯫  ⠪
   ⭮  㤨 ( 祧  -
筮, ஬ᥫ  ᠬ ୮).
        ୮   ᯮ ࠧ -

                                - 12 -

᪨ ਨ.  㯭 㯫 ࠭稢  
⭮ 㯫   ਧ ⮦⢠  ࠧ
⥩ (⥩ ⥩),  㯮ॡ塞  䨪樨.  
樤  ⭮ 室  ⭮襭 祭. -
⭮ ਧ ᮢ襭    㯫,
।ᬮ७  쥩    ᨬ  -
 뫮   㦤  ।饥 㯫   ,
 樤 㯫 ਧ ᮢ襭 諥 -
 殬,  騬 㤨  ࠭  ᮢ襭  諥
㯫 ᨬ    ⮣ த   . ⮬
᫥ ਧ 樤   騩 ( ᮢ襭  
㯫 ᫥  ਢ祭  ⢥⢥  ।饥)
ᯥ樠  த,   室   ᮤঠ  -
⭮,  ᮢ襭 ⮦⢥ 㯫. -
ࠧ, ᯥ樠 樤  饬 㣮  ⥫-
⢥ -      ࠧ⥩ ⭮   .
16  .㯭 㯫  樤   饣  -
ঠ   ᨫ אַ 㪠 ,   ᮢ㯭 
  ⮣,    뫮 㦤    -
 , 室饥  ᮢ㯭.  ⮩ 裡 室 ᬮ-
   ⮬,    㦤.    ⮫쪮
뭥ᥭ ਣ      ⨬ ࠧ㬥 ⠪ 
㯫   ᨫ ?᪮  㣮 ⥫-
 -ࠧ  ॣ   ࠢ  ப -
祭   ᮢ㯭  㯫    樤,  
ࠢ쭮 襭        讥 ࠪ᪮
祭.  ⠢   ⥮ਨ  㣮  ࠢ  
筮 ⢥.    .1 .18  .1 .86  ᤥ-

                                - 13 -

 뢮,   ࠭  ᮢ㯭  樤 室
  㯫 ਣ   ᨫ.  ᯥ樠-
 樤  騬 ⥫⢮ (.  105  
213).      18 樤 ࠧ 室  ⥣ਨ
諥 㯫  ⢠ 㤨⥩,    -
 ⭮襭   ⥬.
      襭   䨪樨  㯫  
㤭  㠫쭮 ।⠢ ᮡ ࠭祭 -
⭮  ᮢ㯭.
     ⭮ 㯫 ।  ᮢ襭  殬
     㯫,    ⮦⢥묨 
த묨. ⭮  㯫  ⥫쭮 -
  䨪 㯫,  ⠪   ⥫-
 , 騬 .
      ⮦⢥묨  㯫ﬨ  ਭ  ⠪ ,
⢥⢥   ।ᬮ७   ⮩    쥩
. 㯫 ᮢ  ᢮ ꥪ⨢  ꥪ⨢
ਧ.  ᮢ襭 㯫 ன ࠧ ᢨ⥫-
  襭 ᭮ 筮 㯭,  稨  -
 ⮩稢 ⨮⢥ ਥ樨.  뢠   -
⥫⢠, ⥫  ⭮ ⭮  騬
ਧ. ⠬  ⭮     த
㯫,   ᫥ ⭥ 㯫,  騥
   室 ।⢥ ꥪ, ᮢ襭 
묨 ଠ   室묨 ⨢.   ࠧ, -
⭮   ࠧ   ⮦⢥   
᫮,   室 த  ࠧத  㯫.
᫥    ஢ ⭮  ᨫ אַ

                                - 14 -

㪠 ,   ᤥ  .2 ਬ砭  . 158  .
      ᫥ ஢ ᮤﭭ,  ᫨   -
⠭ ࠧ ⠤ (ࢮ 㯫 祭,  ஥
- 襭,    )   ⠭   ᯮ-
⥫⢠ ?    ࠪ⨪   稫 筮-
 襭  ⥮ਨ 㣮 ࠢ.।⠢,   ᮤ-
  ஢  ࠢ  ॠ쭮  ᮢ㯭,
᫨ ⠬  ⭮  祭 -
  㯫 ᮢ襭  ⨨.  㫥 -
䨪樨     ࠦ 祭 㯭 ⥫-
  ⨥  㯫 (2,25).   ⮬  䨪-
樨 ண ﭨ  室 ࠦ ⭮  
ᮢ襭. ࠧ, 䨪  ࠦ,   
祭  ᮢ襭  ⨨,  㤥 룫拉 ᫥-
騬 ࠧ: .30 .3, .158 .1    .158 .2  . 158
.1  .30 .3, .158 .2    ᨬ  ⮣,  뫮
ᮢ襭 ᭠砫 襭  祭 㯫.  
⬥,      砥      ⭮
㯫  㦤      .
     ⭮  騩 ਧ ᥣ  㪠뢠-
 ⥫    .2  ᮮ⢥饩 .    
⮨  ࠢ   ⥩:  ⮩ ⠢, -
  ᮡ ஢. ⮬, ᫨ ⨬ ᮢ-
  ࠦ  ᮡ ஢,   ਧ  -
⭮ 㤥  뢠   饥  -
⥫⢮. ,  ᫨ ᮢ襭 ᭠砫 諥 稭 -
 । ஢ (.1 .111),  ⮬   ﭨ, 襥
 ஦ ᬥ ௥襣,  ᮤﭭ  楫 -

                                - 15 -

 ஢  .1 .111  .  4 .  111,   ஥
㯫 ᮢ襭 ⭮ ( 祬    -
⭮),  ਧ ⭮ 㪠  .3 .111   -
⮬ 㤥 饭 . 4 .111  .
      ࠧ,  ᤥ 뢮,   .16  ࠪ-
⨪ ⭮ ,   ,   ।ᬮ७
쥩 ,     ⭮  饥 -
⥫⢮ (.1  .1  .63  ),    ,   
।ᬮ७   ⮩   ,      -
  騩 ਧ.   ᫨ ᮢ襭  -
 ࠦ,      ஢  .2 .158   .
砥 ,   ⢥ 㯫,  ᮤﭭ
   㯫     㤥  -
   ᮢ㯭.   ⮣  ᪠,   -
쭮   ⢥ 㯫 ,   ਤ᪨ -
.
     䨪    2  楫,  ਧ -
⭮,    ⮣,    㯫  -
쭮    ⮩ ⠢.   ⮬   .
3 .16  .    ⭮  ⮨    த
㯫  ,  䨪  ᮤﭭ    墠뢠 
쥩 .   ᭮뢠 ॡ  17 , ॣ-
饩   ᮢ㯭 㯫.  ਬ,᫨ ࠦ
।⢮ ࠧ ,   ᮤﭭ   ஢  ,
ਬ,  .1 .162   .  2 .158 .   ⨢ 砥
  㤥 , ⠪  .1 .162  ।-
७ 襭 ᢮  ப    쬨 ,    .  2
. 158 -  ப      (2,23).

                                - 16 -

     쭠 ᮢ㯭 ,    ,    -
७  ࠪ⨪ ⭮.
     쭠 ᮢ㯭    砥,   -
 ﭨ 稭    ࠧத  ᪮쪮 -
த ᫥⢨  ꥪ⠬,    ᮮ⭮   
楫 .   ⮬ ᮤﭭ  墠뢠  㣮-ࠢ-
 ମ  ᫮ 室 ਬ   -
쪨  ᮡ  .
      ࠢ ⬥砫 .. " ꥪ⨢ ᯮᮡ
祫᪮ ⢨ (⢨)  뢠    ।
᫮  ,   ᪮쪮 १⮢   
 ᯮ짮  祫  ᢮ ⥫쭮,   ⮬ ᫥ 
㯭,   ᭮  ਧ  業 쭮
ᮢ㯭    ⢥ 㯭 -
" (6,151).
      ᮢ㯭  ࠧ ⮫쪮  ⠪ 㯫,
⠢  ࠧ  ।ᬮ७ ࠧ묨  ﬨ    (
   ⭮   ॠ쭮 ᮢ㯭).뤥 
ᮡ 쭮 ᮢ㯭 ,   ⫨砥   -
  㯫,  ᫥    ,   ।⢥
ꥪ ⥫⢠   ᮮ⭮     楫,
   ࠧ ⢥ ⭮襭.    -
㯫 ᫥ , ਬ, ஢ 㡨⢮  १-
 稭  ࠧ  ⥯ 殮 ᫥ ⥫-
 ०.
     뢠,  쭠  ᮢ㯭  墠뢠  樠쭮
⨯ ⠭ 㯫,   ᮡ  ,  
ࠢ,  ।ᬠਢ ⠪ ⠭  ⢥ -

                                - 17 -

饣 ਧ.     쭠 ᮢ㯭
।ᬮ७   ᫥    ⥫   
 㯫 ( ਬ 筨⢠, 㡨⢠).

                           

     -, ⢥  ࠧ ⢥
     ࠧ   䨪  樠쭮
, । ...
     -, ⭮        뤥 
⢥  㣮 ⥫⢥,     -
䨪樨 ⠬     .
     -, ⢥  ⮩稢 䨪樥  -
⢥ ,   ᭮ ன  ⠪ 뢠 ਤ-
 ਩,    䨪, ᭮ ன -
 ,  ᪮쪮 쥩 ᮡ   ᮤন  㫥
䨪樨.
      ⠪  砥  砥,    ᮢ㯭 㯫
 ᭮ ମ ⢥.  樤-  ᮡ
ଠ  ⢥,  ⮬ ᮡ,    䨪樨 -
  ,   ,  ,"  㬥" .
樤  ᮢ㯭 ⪠ ࠭.  ⭮, ⮫
 ,    ମ ⢥    㪠
᫥,  襬 砥  ᮢ㯭,   ⠪   -
騩 ਧ,  ᪫祭  ⢥ 㯫 
樠쭮  ᫥,  ਤ᪮ 饭 㯫.   
,  - 뤥 ⭮   -
  㯫   ⥪   ஡. 㯭 
㯫 ⢥     ॠ,   ⮬
襬 ᫥ ⭮ 㦥  饥  -
⥫⢮    ࠧ  ᮢ㯭,    
⮣      ᮤﭭ  ஢      ⮩ 
    ࠧ.
      ⢥, ,  祬 ᪠ "-", ᭮  ⮬,
 ⢥  㯫  ᬠਢ  ⮫쪮  
 䨪樨 㯫.
          ⢥  㯫  ⭮
⠪ ஡  饭  㯫   ७樨 㣮
,    ᬮ७   稭.

                  

     1.   1960 .
     2. ਩         .    ।樥
..⮢  ...,-.1996.
     3. ਩      . 饩 ।樥
...,-⮢--, 1996.
     4.  ࠢ  ᮢ६ ⠯: ஡ 㯫-
  ., - ,1992.
     5. ..ਭ.   ᭮ 䨪樨 㯫.,-
, 1984.
     6. ... 㯭 㯫.,-,1974.
     7. .. ᨪ. ⢥ 㯫.,- , 1988.
     8. ..㣫, ... 騥 ⥫-
: ⨥,  ,  ﭨ  䨪 㯫.,--
, 1989.

     .S. ਪ ⥣筮 뢮,   ⠪ ப -
⠢ ࠡ     㬡୮ 
᫥⢨ﬨ १୮  㯮ॡ 㣮 ࠢ.
.
